Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that affects many women across different age groups. It causes imbalance of reproductive hormones, resulting in symptoms like irregular periods, acne, weight gain and even infertility. In addition to reproductive health, PCOS is also associated with metabolic complications like insulin resistance, diabetes, hypertension and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, PCOS impacts women differently at different stages of their lives. From puberty to menopause, it poses unique challenges that require proper management strategies to ensure overall health.
To understand how PCOS affects women at different stages of life, the OnlyMyHealth team spoke to Dr Shruti Kotangale, Obstetrician-Gynaecologist, AIMS Hospital, Dombivli. “PCOS leads to a range of symptoms including irregular periods, acne, unwanted hair growth, insulin resistance, weight gain and even infertility,” she explains. Women with PCOS are at higher risk of diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and heart disease. Moreover, they are also more likely to experience mental health issues such as stress, anxiety and depression.”
To better understand the impact of PCOS, it is essential to learn how the disease affects women at different stages of their lives and what can be done to effectively manage the disease.
Adolescent PCOS (ages 13-19)
For adolescents, PCOS often causes a number of problems during a critical period of hormonal and sexual development. “Teenage girls with PCOS may limit their physical activity due to peer pressure and stress related to studies and exams, which may lead to weight gain,” says Dr Kotangare. The appearance of acne, irregular periods and weight gain can also lead to low self-esteem and social isolation. These girls may feel embarrassed or fear being ridiculed by their classmates, further impacting on their mental health.
Furthermore, adolescents with PCOS may experience body image issues due to changes in their appearance, which further exacerbates psychological distress. Addressing these concerns early through advice and support is vital for adolescent wellbeing.
Read more: How stress worsens PCOS symptoms
PCOS in People in Their 20s and 30s
Women in their 20s and 30s, who are typically in the prime of their reproductive years, can experience significant infertility due to PCOS. “PCOS causes anovulation, or the inability to ovulate, making it difficult for women who want to start a family to conceive,” Dr. Kotangare emphasizes. Women with PCOS can also experience pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia and gestational diabetes.
While infertility is a major concern, advances in fertility treatments such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) offer hope. “Women with PCOS need not panic. Assisted reproductive techniques (ART) such as IVF can help in successful conception,” reassures Dr. Kotangare. “The key is to seek the advice of a specialist at the right time.”
PCOS after 40
As women enter their 40s, they may experience a range of symptoms associated with PCOS during menopause. “Irregular periods are common in women with PCOS at this stage, and they may be at increased risk of anemia,” explains Dr Kotangare. In addition to menstrual issues, women with PCOS may also face issues like high cholesterol and high blood pressure, which increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Maintaining good health in old age requires vigilance and regular medical checkups to monitor cardiovascular health and hormone levels and ensure timely intervention if necessary.
Read more: Can you have PCOS even if your period is regular?
Tips for managing PCOS
PCOS can be effectively controlled through lifestyle changes and medical intervention. Dr Kotangare recommends the following:
Nutritious diet: Women with PCOS need to eat a balanced, nutritious diet that is rich in fiber, lean protein, and healthy fats, while avoiding processed foods and sugar. A diet that focuses on improving insulin sensitivity is key.
Exercise regularly: Daily physical activity, combining cardiovascular and strength training, is essential for weight management and improving insulin resistance.
Stress management: Activities such as yoga and meditation can help reduce stress, which is known to worsen PCOS symptoms.
Medical Intervention: Women who suffer from insulin resistance may be prescribed medications such as metformin to improve metabolic function. Women hoping to become pregnant should consult with a fertility specialist to discuss treatment options, including ART.
Regular check-ups: Regular gynecological check-ups are important to monitor symptoms and prevent complications like diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol.
“Managing PCOS is a long-term commitment, but with the right approach, women can lead healthy, fulfilling lives,” concludes Dr. Kotangare. By practicing a healthy lifestyle and seeking appropriate medical care, women at all stages of life can minimise the impact of PCOS and reduce the risk of associated health problems.
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