Gynaecological diseases are those that affect the functioning of a woman’s reproductive system. It includes organs like breasts, uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, vagina and vulva. Many factors can increase the risk of gynaecological diseases, including age, infertility, pregnancy complications, obesity and underlying diseases like diabetes and high blood pressure. Moreover, a family history of reproductive or gynaecological problems can also contribute to this risk, says Dr Kavita Covi, Head, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aster Hospital for Women and Children, Whitefield, Bangalore.
In a chat with the OnlyMyHealth team, Dr Covey talks about what it means and how people can reduce their risk.
Read more: Ignoring abnormal uterine bleeding can lead to severe anemia. Here’s how to control the symptoms.
What does a family history of gynecological disease mean?
First, having a family history of gynecological diseases does not necessarily mean that you will develop them, but it does put you at higher risk. Rather, these diseases may run in families, suggesting that you may be at risk.
If a close family member, such as your mother, sister or daughter, has had endometriosis, PCOS, ovarian cancer or breast cancer, it is important to talk to your doctor to assess your risk and consider testing options.
Because gynecological diseases can be inherited through genetic factors, family history is important in risk assessment, Dr. Covey says.
According to the National Cancer Institute (NCI), certain genetic mutations can cause cancer to start and grow. The two most common genetic mutations occur in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, which are associated with several types of cancer, especially breast and ovarian cancer.
“People who inherit harmful BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations tend to develop cancer at a younger age than people who do not carry these mutations,” the health agency noted.
Read more: Dense breasts are a risk factor for breast cancer: What does it mean to have dense breasts?
Common Gynecological Disorders
The most common gynecologic disorders include:
Menstrual abnormalities (such as heavy or irregular menstruation)
Uterine muscle swelling
Ovarian cysts
Endometriosis,
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Infections such as yeast infections
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) such as gonorrhea
Cervical cancer
Ovarian cancer
Uterine cancer
How can women with a family history reduce their risk?
Dr Covey said women could reduce their chances of developing gynecological diseases by maintaining a healthy lifestyle, which includes proper nutrition, regular exercise and refraining from smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.
Moreover, doctors say early detection and prevention require regular health check-ups, practicing safe sex and stress management.
[Disclaimer: This article contains information provided by experts and is for informational purposes only. Therefore, if you have any health problems, we recommend you consult a specialist and get the necessary treatment.
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