Vaginal infections are a common problem for many women. Many women experience vaginal infections at some point in their lives. Various factors can contribute to vaginal infections in women, including birth control pills, tight clothing, menstruation, and pregnancy. Not only can it cause discomfort and persistent itching, but if left untreated, it can also adversely affect fertility, says Rashmi Agrawal, MD, Nova IVF Fertility, Gurugram.
Types of vaginal infections
There are many types of vaginal infections, including:
Bacterial Vaginosis (BV): BV is a vaginal infection caused by an overgrowth of harmful bacteria, which can result in a fishy odor, a thin, off-white discharge, and an itchy or burning sensation. The condition occurs when the natural balance of vaginal bacteria is disrupted by things like scented hygiene products or having sex with multiple partners.
Yeast infection (thrush): Candida, or yeast infection, is caused by an overgrowth of the Candida fungus. “Candida fungus and a beneficial bacteria called Lactobacillus, both reside in the vagina,” explains Dr. Agrawal. Lactobacillus helps keep the growth of Candida in check. But when there’s an imbalance, yeast cells can proliferate and cause an infection. Candida albicans is the most common pathogenic yeast strain that causes the majority of yeast infections.” Common symptoms include intense itching, a thick white discharge that resembles cottage cheese, and redness and swelling of the vulva.
Read more: Can Yeast Infections Be Transmitted Through Sex? Experts Answer and Share Solutions
Trichomoniasis: A sexually transmitted disease caused by the Trichomonas vaginal parasite, transmitted through sexual intercourse. Symptoms include a frothy, yellow-green vaginal discharge with a foul odor, itching, and discomfort while urinating or during sexual intercourse. Trichomoniasis is associated with more serious reproductive health problems, including premature birth, and requires prompt medical attention.
Vaginal Infections and Fertility
According to Dr. Agrawal, “Your vagina has a natural balance of yeast and bacterial cells that help keep it healthy. When this balance is disrupted, yeast cells can multiply to unhealthy levels, causing symptoms like burning, swelling, itching, and inflammation. Other common symptoms include abnormal vaginal discharge (color, consistency, or odor), pain during urination or intercourse, and redness or swelling of the vulva.”
“A one-time yeast infection is easily treatable and does not affect fertility, although it may temporarily reduce libido. Recurrent fungal infections, on the other hand, can change the viscosity of cervical mucus and the vaginal environment (including pH level), making it more difficult for sperm to reach the uterus. In severe cases, it can lead to infertility and increase the need for fertility treatments,” she added.
Read more: Common Health Issues That Affect Fertility
Diagnosis and Treatment
The main concern is identifying the type of fungal infection, as early diagnosis will aid in timely treatment and management, and speedy recovery.
Blood tests: Blood tests may be needed to identify the specific type of fungus causing the infection.
Physical exam: A physical exam may be done to check for visible signs of infection, such as abnormal discharge, redness, swelling, etc. Laboratory tests, including microscopic analysis of vaginal secretions, can help identify the type of infection.
Additional testing for certain infectious diseases: Additional testing may be required to make an accurate diagnosis. For example, PCR (polymerase chain reaction) testing can detect the DNA of certain pathogens, which increases accuracy.
Additionally, you can reduce your risk of yeast overgrowth by practicing good hygiene habits, wearing breathable underwear, avoiding irritants, and maintaining a balanced diet. Additionally, adding probiotics to your diet or taking a supplement can help promote healthy bacteria in your vagina and reduce the chances of recurring yeast infections.
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