Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal condition that not only affects the menstrual cycle but also causes weight gain, increased body hair, skin problems and, in severe cases, infertility. Additionally, women with PCOS can have trouble sleeping, and some develop sleep disorders such as sleep apnea, but this is an often overlooked factor.
To understand this link better, the OnlyMyHealth team spoke to Dr Apurva Gupta, Consultant Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Daffodils by Artemis, Delhi, to discuss ways to tackle PCOS and related issues.
Read more: PCOS, obesity and infertility: Experts explain the connection and what you need to know
How does PCOS affect your sleep health?
Women with PCOS are more likely to experience sleep problems than women without PCOS, according to a 2018 study published in the journal The Nature and Science of Sleep. The link isn’t just due to weight issues, but also exists in normal-weight women with PCOS, according to the researchers.
Dr Gupta believes the issue is due to hormonal imbalances caused by PCOS.
“Hormonal imbalances in PCOS, such as increased androgens and insulin resistance, disrupt circadian rhythms and melatonin production, leading to poor sleep quality,” she explains. Elevated cortisol levels due to stress also contribute to sleep disorders.
Additionally, conditions such as obesity and anxiety can exacerbate sleep disorders, leading to poorer overall sleep quality and increased daytime fatigue, she added, and said psychological factors can lead to a vicious cycle of poor sleep and increased stress.
Common Sleep Disorders Associated with PCOS
Several sleep disorders often accompany PCOS. These include:
Sleep apnea, especially obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), is common due to weight gain and elevated androgen levels that affect airway function.
Insomnia is characterized by difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep.
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is another condition associated with PCOS that is often linked to iron deficiency and can cause discomfort in the legs and disrupt sleep.
How to Manage PCOS-Related Sleep Disorders
When it comes to hormonal imbalances caused by PCOS, Dr. Gupta recommends focusing on regulating hormone levels with medications such as metformin, which improves insulin sensitivity, and hormonal contraceptives, which balance androgen levels. Lifestyle changes such as maintaining a healthy diet, regular exercise, and stress management techniques can also help improve sleep.
Managing stress and anxiety includes strategies such as practicing mindfulness meditation, yoga and other relaxation techniques to reduce stress. “Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can help manage anxiety and improve sleep habits, while maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise and a balanced diet, can support overall wellness,” Dr Gupta added.
Additionally, maintaining a consistent sleep schedule and creating a relaxing pre-bedtime routine can promote sleep hygiene.
Conclusion
Controlling sleep disorders associated with PCOS requires following a consistent, comprehensive plan that also addresses other contributing factors like hormone imbalances, obesity, and stress. By adopting healthy lifestyle changes, practicing stress management techniques, and maintaining a healthy sleep schedule, women with PCOS can significantly improve their sleep quality and overall health. If you have any concerns, talk to your doctor to determine the best plan for your needs.
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