Estrogen is one of the most important hormones in a woman’s body, affecting everything from reproductive health to mood, bone strength, and metabolism. But when estrogen levels drop, whether due to menopause, lifestyle factors, or underlying medical conditions, the body starts to send clear signals. Recognizing these signs early is important for maintaining overall health.
“When estrogen levels drop below normal in women’s health, it can affect many body systems and cause significant and sometimes painful symptoms,” explains Dr Sadhna Singhal Vishnoi, Senior Consultant, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cloudnine Group of Hospitals, New Delhi, Punjabi.
What causes estrogen deficiency?
Estrogen levels can drop for many reasons, including:
Menopause and perimenopause: The natural aging process causes estrogen levels to gradually decline.
Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI): A condition in which the ovaries stop functioning normally before the age of 40.
Excessive exercise and low body fat: Excessive exercise or too little body fat can inhibit hormone production.
Chronic stress: High levels of cortisol can affect estrogen production.
Dietary deficiencies and nutritional deficiencies: A lack of healthy fats, vitamin D, and B vitamins can affect hormone levels.
Medical conditions and treatments: Autoimmune disorders, chemotherapy, or hysterectomy can lead to estrogen deficiency.
“Many lifestyle and medical factors can contribute to estrogen deficiency,” says Dr. Vishnoi, “although menopause is the most common cause, younger women can also experience estrogen deficiency due to stress, poor nutrition, or excessive exercise.”
Read more: Can low estrogen cause itching? What does this mean for menopausal women?
Severe symptoms of estrogen deficiency
If your body is lacking estrogen, it will give off warning signals. These are the main symptoms to watch out for.
1. Irregular menstrual cycles or endometriosis.
Estrogen is important in regulating the menstrual cycle. If your periods are irregular, light, or stop altogether (outside of pregnancy or menopause), low estrogen may be the cause.
“Many women ignore irregular periods, but it’s important to consult your doctor if it could be an early sign of a hormonal imbalance.”
2. Vaginal dryness and discomfort.
Estrogen helps maintain vaginal lubrication and tissue thickness. As levels decrease, the penis becomes drier, making intercourse painful and increasing the risk of infection.
3. Mood swings, anxiety, and depression.
Estrogen plays a key role in the production of serotonin, which helps to calm the mood. Low levels can lead to irritability, anxiety, and depression. “Decreased estrogen can affect mental health,” explains Dr. Vishnoi, with many women reporting increased mood swings and anxiety during menopause and perimenopause.
4. Irregular sleep patterns and insomnia.
Are you having trouble sleeping or staying asleep? Estrogen regulates melatonin, the sleep hormone, and body temperature. Low levels can cause insomnia, night sweats, and hot flashes.
5. Excessive sweating and night sweats.
Hot flashes, excessive sweating, and chills are typical symptoms of estrogen deficiency, especially during menopause and perimenopause.
6. Brain fog and memory problems
Low estrogen levels can affect memory function, causing forgetfulness, difficulty concentrating, and mental fogginess. “Women in their 40s and 50s often complain of brain fog, which is linked to fluctuating estrogen levels,” says Dr. Vishnu.
7. Low libido (sexual desire)
Estrogen affects sexual desire and female health, so a decrease can lead to decreased sexual desire and discomfort during sex.
8. Weight gain and slow metabolism.
Estrogen plays a role in fat distribution. Low levels can lead to weight gain, especially around the belly, and a slower metabolism.
9. Joint pain and bone weakness.
Estrogen protects bone health. When levels drop, bones become more fragile and the risk of osteoporosis increases.
“Being postmenopausal, women experience reduced estrogen levels, so bone density screening and preventive measures are essential,” advises Dr. Vishnoi.
10. Frequent urinary tract infections (UTIs),
Low estrogen levels weaken the bladder and urinary tract tissues, increasing the risk of infection.
Read more: Estrogen Detox: Experts share a comprehensive guide to hormonal balance and health.
How to regulate estrogen naturally
If you are experiencing symptoms of low estrogen, make some lifestyle adjustments to help balance it out.
- Eat foods that boost estrogen: These include flaxseeds, soy products, nuts, seeds, and cruciferous vegetables.
- Maintain a healthy weight: Being overweight or obese disrupts hormone levels.
- Moderate exercise: Too much or not enough exercise can affect estrogen production.
- Stress management: Yoga, meditation, and deep breathing exercises can help regulate stress hormones.
- Get enough sleep: Good quality sleep is essential for hormone regulation.
- Consider herbal supplements: Phytoestrogens like red clover and maca root may be helpful, but check with your doctor first.
“Simple lifestyle changes, such as improving diet and managing stress, can help with hormonal balance,” suggests Dr. Vishnoi.
When should I see a doctor?
If you experience severe symptoms, such as prolonged absence of periods, extreme fatigue, or persistent agitation, it is best to consult a healthcare professional. In some cases, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or other treatments may be necessary.
“Ignoring these symptoms can lead to long-term health problems, from osteoporosis to cardiovascular risk,” advises Dr. Vishnoi.
Control your hormonal health.
When estrogen levels are low, your body gives you clear signals. Ignoring these signs can affect your overall health, from bone strength to mental health. By listening to your body and making the necessary lifestyle changes, you can restore balance and improve your quality of life. If symptoms persist, consulting a doctor is the best step.
